reference: an act by which speakers use (a) word(s) to enable listeners to identify someone or something 說話者用明確的字眼讓聽者知道他在說什麼
譬如說,我想要一台跑車,我可以直接跟我男友說,"親愛的,人家想要一台跑車啦~",這從"想"到"講"的過程,就是reference
inference: the listener's use of additional knowledge to make sense of what is not explicit in an utterance 在語意不清楚的情況下,聽者以他的經驗,知識去推敲,換句話說,我想到的東西,不用明確的字去說,轉個彎,讓聽者去推理
男友騎車載我,天氣熱,我想喝點涼的,我跟他說,"honey~天氣好熱喔~對不對?",從這句,他可以去推測說,"女友應該想喝點東西了"(他如果說對阿,然後繼續騎,就可以把他甩了(誤))
再不懂inference,你中學時期不是常常考閱讀測驗,問你某句子infer什麼,回想一下應該就會懂了,除非當初你權答錯
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